/** * Comment API: WP_Comment_Query class * * @package WordPress * @subpackage Comments * @since 4.4.0 */ /** * Core class used for querying comments. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @see WP_Comment_Query::__construct() for accepted arguments. */ #[AllowDynamicProperties] class WP_Comment_Query { /** * SQL for database query. * * @since 4.0.1 * @var string */ public $request; /** * Metadata query container * * @since 3.5.0 * @var WP_Meta_Query A meta query instance. */ public $meta_query = false; /** * Metadata query clauses. * * @since 4.4.0 * @var array */ protected $meta_query_clauses; /** * SQL query clauses. * * @since 4.4.0 * @var array */ protected $sql_clauses = array( 'select' => '', 'from' => '', 'where' => array(), 'groupby' => '', 'orderby' => '', 'limits' => '', ); /** * SQL WHERE clause. * * Stored after the {@see 'comments_clauses'} filter is run on the compiled WHERE sub-clauses. * * @since 4.4.2 * @var string */ protected $filtered_where_clause; /** * Date query container * * @since 3.7.0 * @var WP_Date_Query A date query instance. */ public $date_query = false; /** * Query vars set by the user. * * @since 3.1.0 * @var array */ public $query_vars; /** * Default values for query vars. * * @since 4.2.0 * @var array */ public $query_var_defaults; /** * List of comments located by the query. * * @since 4.0.0 * @var int[]|WP_Comment[] */ public $comments; /** * The amount of found comments for the current query. * * @since 4.4.0 * @var int */ public $found_comments = 0; /** * The number of pages. * * @since 4.4.0 * @var int */ public $max_num_pages = 0; /** * Make private/protected methods readable for backward compatibility. * * @since 4.0.0 * * @param string $name Method to call. * @param array $arguments Arguments to pass when calling. * @return mixed|false Return value of the callback, false otherwise. */ public function __call( $name, $arguments ) { if ( 'get_search_sql' === $name ) { return $this->get_search_sql( ...$arguments ); } return false; } /** * Constructor. * * Sets up the comment query, based on the query vars passed. * * @since 4.2.0 * @since 4.4.0 `$parent__in` and `$parent__not_in` were added. * @since 4.4.0 Order by `comment__in` was added. `$update_comment_meta_cache`, `$no_found_rows`, * `$hierarchical`, and `$update_comment_post_cache` were added. * @since 4.5.0 Introduced the `$author_url` argument. * @since 4.6.0 Introduced the `$cache_domain` argument. * @since 4.9.0 Introduced the `$paged` argument. * @since 5.1.0 Introduced the `$meta_compare_key` argument. * @since 5.3.0 Introduced the `$meta_type_key` argument. * * @param string|array $query { * Optional. Array or query string of comment query parameters. Default empty. * * @type string $author_email Comment author email address. Default empty. * @type string $author_url Comment author URL. Default empty. * @type int[] $author__in Array of author IDs to include comments for. Default empty. * @type int[] $author__not_in Array of author IDs to exclude comments for. Default empty. * @type int[] $comment__in Array of comment IDs to include. Default empty. * @type int[] $comment__not_in Array of comment IDs to exclude. Default empty. * @type bool $count Whether to return a comment count (true) or array of * comment objects (false). Default false. * @type array $date_query Date query clauses to limit comments by. See WP_Date_Query. * Default null. * @type string $fields Comment fields to return. Accepts 'ids' for comment IDs * only or empty for all fields. Default empty. * @type array $include_unapproved Array of IDs or email addresses of users whose unapproved * comments will be returned by the query regardless of * `$status`. Default empty. * @type int $karma Karma score to retrieve matching comments for. * Default empty. * @type string|string[] $meta_key Meta key or keys to filter by. * @type string|string[] $meta_value Meta value or values to filter by. * @type string $meta_compare MySQL operator used for comparing the meta value. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value. * @type string $meta_compare_key MySQL operator used for comparing the meta key. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value. * @type string $meta_type MySQL data type that the meta_value column will be CAST to for comparisons. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value. * @type string $meta_type_key MySQL data type that the meta_key column will be CAST to for comparisons. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value. * @type array $meta_query An associative array of WP_Meta_Query arguments. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values. * @type int $number Maximum number of comments to retrieve. * Default empty (no limit). * @type int $paged When used with `$number`, defines the page of results to return. * When used with `$offset`, `$offset` takes precedence. Default 1. * @type int $offset Number of comments to offset the query. Used to build * LIMIT clause. Default 0. * @type bool $no_found_rows Whether to disable the `SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS` query. * Default: true. * @type string|array $orderby Comment status or array of statuses. To use 'meta_value' * or 'meta_value_num', `$meta_key` must also be defined. * To sort by a specific `$meta_query` clause, use that * clause's array key. Accepts: * - 'comment_agent' * - 'comment_approved' * - 'comment_author' * - 'comment_author_email' * - 'comment_author_IP' * - 'comment_author_url' * - 'comment_content' * - 'comment_date' * - 'comment_date_gmt' * - 'comment_ID' * - 'comment_karma' * - 'comment_parent' * - 'comment_post_ID' * - 'comment_type' * - 'user_id' * - 'comment__in' * - 'meta_value' * - 'meta_value_num' * - The value of `$meta_key` * - The array keys of `$meta_query` * - false, an empty array, or 'none' to disable `ORDER BY` clause. * Default: 'comment_date_gmt'. * @type string $order How to order retrieved comments. Accepts 'ASC', 'DESC'. * Default: 'DESC'. * @type int $parent Parent ID of comment to retrieve children of. * Default empty. * @type int[] $parent__in Array of parent IDs of comments to retrieve children for. * Default empty. * @type int[] $parent__not_in Array of parent IDs of comments *not* to retrieve * children for. Default empty. * @type int[] $post_author__in Array of author IDs to retrieve comments for. * Default empty. * @type int[] $post_author__not_in Array of author IDs *not* to retrieve comments for. * Default empty. * @type int $post_id Limit results to those affiliated with a given post ID. * Default 0. * @type int[] $post__in Array of post IDs to include affiliated comments for. * Default empty. * @type int[] $post__not_in Array of post IDs to exclude affiliated comments for. * Default empty. * @type int $post_author Post author ID to limit results by. Default empty. * @type string|string[] $post_status Post status or array of post statuses to retrieve * affiliated comments for. Pass 'any' to match any value. * Default empty. * @type string|string[] $post_type Post type or array of post types to retrieve affiliated * comments for. Pass 'any' to match any value. Default empty. * @type string $post_name Post name to retrieve affiliated comments for. * Default empty. * @type int $post_parent Post parent ID to retrieve affiliated comments for. * Default empty. * @type string $search Search term(s) to retrieve matching comments for. * Default empty. * @type string|array $status Comment statuses to limit results by. Accepts an array * or space/comma-separated list of 'hold' (`comment_status=0`), * 'approve' (`comment_status=1`), 'all', or a custom * comment status. Default 'all'. * @type string|string[] $type Include comments of a given type, or array of types. * Accepts 'comment', 'pings' (includes 'pingback' and * 'trackback'), or any custom type string. Default empty. * @type string[] $type__in Include comments from a given array of comment types. * Default empty. * @type string[] $type__not_in Exclude comments from a given array of comment types. * Default empty. * @type int $user_id Include comments for a specific user ID. Default empty. * @type bool|string $hierarchical Whether to include comment descendants in the results. * - 'threaded' returns a tree, with each comment's children * stored in a `children` property on the `WP_Comment` object. * - 'flat' returns a flat array of found comments plus * their children. * - Boolean `false` leaves out descendants. * The parameter is ignored (forced to `false`) when * `$fields` is 'ids' or 'counts'. Accepts 'threaded', * 'flat', or false. Default: false. * @type string $cache_domain Unique cache key to be produced when this query is stored in * an object cache. Default is 'core'. * @type bool $update_comment_meta_cache Whether to prime the metadata cache for found comments. * Default true. * @type bool $update_comment_post_cache Whether to prime the cache for comment posts. * Default false. * } */ public function __construct( $query = '' ) { $this->query_var_defaults = array( 'author_email' => '', 'author_url' => '', 'author__in' => '', 'author__not_in' => '', 'include_unapproved' => '', 'fields' => '', 'ID' => '', 'comment__in' => '', 'comment__not_in' => '', 'karma' => '', 'number' => '', 'offset' => '', 'no_found_rows' => true, 'orderby' => '', 'order' => 'DESC', 'paged' => 1, 'parent' => '', 'parent__in' => '', 'parent__not_in' => '', 'post_author__in' => '', 'post_author__not_in' => '', 'post_ID' => '', 'post_id' => 0, 'post__in' => '', 'post__not_in' => '', 'post_author' => '', 'post_name' => '', 'post_parent' => '', 'post_status' => '', 'post_type' => '', 'status' => 'all', 'type' => '', 'type__in' => '', 'type__not_in' => '', 'user_id' => '', 'search' => '', 'count' => false, 'meta_key' => '', 'meta_value' => '', 'meta_query' => '', 'date_query' => null, // See WP_Date_Query. 'hierarchical' => false, 'cache_domain' => 'core', 'update_comment_meta_cache' => true, 'update_comment_post_cache' => false, ); if ( ! empty( $query ) ) { $this->query( $query ); } } /** * Parse arguments passed to the comment query with default query parameters. * * @since 4.2.0 Extracted from WP_Comment_Query::query(). * * @param string|array $query WP_Comment_Query arguments. See WP_Comment_Query::__construct() for accepted arguments. */ public function parse_query( $query = '' ) { if ( empty( $query ) ) { $query = $this->query_vars; } $this->query_vars = wp_parse_args( $query, $this->query_var_defaults ); /** * Fires after the comment query vars have been parsed. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @param WP_Comment_Query $query The WP_Comment_Query instance (passed by reference). */ do_action_ref_array( 'parse_comment_query', array( &$this ) ); } /** * Sets up the WordPress query for retrieving comments. * * @since 3.1.0 * @since 4.1.0 Introduced 'comment__in', 'comment__not_in', 'post_author__in', * 'post_author__not_in', 'author__in', 'author__not_in', 'post__in', * 'post__not_in', 'include_unapproved', 'type__in', and 'type__not_in' * arguments to $query_vars. * @since 4.2.0 Moved parsing to WP_Comment_Query::parse_query(). * * @param string|array $query Array or URL query string of parameters. * @return array|int List of comments, or number of comments when 'count' is passed as a query var. */ public function query( $query ) { $this->query_vars = wp_parse_args( $query ); return $this->get_comments(); } /** * Get a list of comments matching the query vars. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @return int|int[]|WP_Comment[] List of comments or number of found comments if `$count` argument is true. */ public function get_comments() { global $wpdb; $this->parse_query(); // Parse meta query. $this->meta_query = new WP_Meta_Query(); $this->meta_query->parse_query_vars( $this->query_vars ); /** * Fires before comments are retrieved. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @param WP_Comment_Query $query Current instance of WP_Comment_Query (passed by reference). */ do_action_ref_array( 'pre_get_comments', array( &$this ) ); // Reparse query vars, in case they were modified in a 'pre_get_comments' callback. $this->meta_query->parse_query_vars( $this->query_vars ); if ( ! empty( $this->meta_query->queries ) ) { $this->meta_query_clauses = $this->meta_query->get_sql( 'comment', $wpdb->comments, 'comment_ID', $this ); } $comment_data = null; /** * Filters the comments data before the query takes place. * * Return a non-null value to bypass WordPress' default comment queries. * * The expected return type from this filter depends on the value passed * in the request query vars: * - When `$this->query_vars['count']` is set, the filter should return * the comment count as an integer. * - When `'ids' === $this->query_vars['fields']`, the filter should return * an array of comment IDs. * - Otherwise the filter should return an array of WP_Comment objects. * * Note that if the filter returns an array of comment data, it will be assigned * to the `comments` property of the current WP_Comment_Query instance. * * Filtering functions that require pagination information are encouraged to set * the `found_comments` and `max_num_pages` properties of the WP_Comment_Query object, * passed to the filter by reference. If WP_Comment_Query does not perform a database * query, it will not have enough information to generate these values itself. * * @since 5.3.0 * @since 5.6.0 The returned array of comment data is assigned to the `comments` property * of the current WP_Comment_Query instance. * * @param array|int|null $comment_data Return an array of comment data to short-circuit WP's comment query, * the comment count as an integer if `$this->query_vars['count']` is set, * or null to allow WP to run its normal queries. * @param WP_Comment_Query $query The WP_Comment_Query instance, passed by reference. */ $comment_data = apply_filters_ref_array( 'comments_pre_query', array( $comment_data, &$this ) ); if ( null !== $comment_data ) { if ( is_array( $comment_data ) && ! $this->query_vars['count'] ) { $this->comments = $comment_data; } return $comment_data; } /* * Only use the args defined in the query_var_defaults to compute the key, * but ignore 'fields', 'update_comment_meta_cache', 'update_comment_post_cache' which does not affect query results. */ $_args = wp_array_slice_assoc( $this->query_vars, array_keys( $this->query_var_defaults ) ); unset( $_args['fields'], $_args['update_comment_meta_cache'], $_args['update_comment_post_cache'] ); $key = md5( serialize( $_args ) ); $last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'comment' ); $cache_key = "get_comments:$key:$last_changed"; $cache_value = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'comment-queries' ); if ( false === $cache_value ) { $comment_ids = $this->get_comment_ids(); if ( $comment_ids ) { $this->set_found_comments(); } $cache_value = array( 'comment_ids' => $comment_ids, 'found_comments' => $this->found_comments, ); wp_cache_add( $cache_key, $cache_value, 'comment-queries' ); } else { $comment_ids = $cache_value['comment_ids']; $this->found_comments = $cache_value['found_comments']; } if ( $this->found_comments && $this->query_vars['number'] ) { $this->max_num_pages = (int) ceil( $this->found_comments / $this->query_vars['number'] ); } // If querying for a count only, there's nothing more to do. if ( $this->query_vars['count'] ) { // $comment_ids is actually a count in this case. return (int) $comment_ids; } $comment_ids = array_map( 'intval', $comment_ids ); if ( $this->query_vars['update_comment_meta_cache'] ) { wp_lazyload_comment_meta( $comment_ids ); } if ( 'ids' === $this->query_vars['fields'] ) { $this->comments = $comment_ids; return $this->comments; } _prime_comment_caches( $comment_ids, false ); // Fetch full comment objects from the primed cache. $_comments = array(); foreach ( $comment_ids as $comment_id ) { $_comment = get_comment( $comment_id ); if ( $_comment ) { $_comments[] = $_comment; } } // Prime comment post caches. if ( $this->query_vars['update_comment_post_cache'] ) { $comment_post_ids = array(); foreach ( $_comments as $_comment ) { $comment_post_ids[] = $_comment->comment_post_ID; } _prime_post_caches( $comment_post_ids, false, false ); } /** * Filters the comment query results. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @param WP_Comment[] $_comments An array of comments. * @param WP_Comment_Query $query Current instance of WP_Comment_Query (passed by reference). */ $_comments = apply_filters_ref_array( 'the_comments', array( $_comments, &$this ) ); // Convert to WP_Comment instances. $comments = array_map( 'get_comment', $_comments ); if ( $this->query_vars['hierarchical'] ) { $comments = $this->fill_descendants( $comments ); } $this->comments = $comments; return $this->comments; } /** * Used internally to get a list of comment IDs matching the query vars. * * @since 4.4.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @return int|array A single count of comment IDs if a count query. An array of comment IDs if a full query. */ protected function get_comment_ids() { global $wpdb; // Assemble clauses related to 'comment_approved'. $approved_clauses = array(); // 'status' accepts an array or a comma-separated string. $status_clauses = array(); $statuses = wp_parse_list( $this->query_vars['status'] ); // Empty 'status' should be interpreted as 'all'. if ( empty( $statuses ) ) { $statuses = array( 'all' ); } // 'any' overrides other statuses. if ( ! in_array( 'any', $statuses, true ) ) { foreach ( $statuses as $status ) { switch ( $status ) { case 'hold': $status_clauses[] = "comment_approved = '0'"; break; case 'approve': $status_clauses[] = "comment_approved = '1'"; break; case 'all': case '': $status_clauses[] = "( comment_approved = '0' OR comment_approved = '1' )"; break; default: $status_clauses[] = $wpdb->prepare( 'comment_approved = %s', $status ); break; } } if ( ! empty( $status_clauses ) ) { $approved_clauses[] = '( ' . implode( ' OR ', $status_clauses ) . ' )'; } } // User IDs or emails whose unapproved comments are included, regardless of $status. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['include_unapproved'] ) ) { $include_unapproved = wp_parse_list( $this->query_vars['include_unapproved'] ); foreach ( $include_unapproved as $unapproved_identifier ) { // Numeric values are assumed to be user IDs. if ( is_numeric( $unapproved_identifier ) ) { $approved_clauses[] = $wpdb->prepare( "( user_id = %d AND comment_approved = '0' )", $unapproved_identifier ); } else { // Otherwise we match against email addresses. if ( ! empty( $_GET['unapproved'] ) && ! empty( $_GET['moderation-hash'] ) ) { // Only include requested comment. $approved_clauses[] = $wpdb->prepare( "( comment_author_email = %s AND comment_approved = '0' AND {$wpdb->comments}.comment_ID = %d )", $unapproved_identifier, (int) $_GET['unapproved'] ); } else { // Include all of the author's unapproved comments. $approved_clauses[] = $wpdb->prepare( "( comment_author_email = %s AND comment_approved = '0' )", $unapproved_identifier ); } } } } // Collapse comment_approved clauses into a single OR-separated clause. if ( ! empty( $approved_clauses ) ) { if ( 1 === count( $approved_clauses ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['approved'] = $approved_clauses[0]; } else { $this->sql_clauses['where']['approved'] = '( ' . implode( ' OR ', $approved_clauses ) . ' )'; } } $order = ( 'ASC' === strtoupper( $this->query_vars['order'] ) ) ? 'ASC' : 'DESC'; // Disable ORDER BY with 'none', an empty array, or boolean false. if ( in_array( $this->query_vars['orderby'], array( 'none', array(), false ), true ) ) { $orderby = ''; } elseif ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['orderby'] ) ) { $ordersby = is_array( $this->query_vars['orderby'] ) ? $this->query_vars['orderby'] : preg_split( '/[,\s]/', $this->query_vars['orderby'] ); $orderby_array = array(); $found_orderby_comment_id = false; foreach ( $ordersby as $_key => $_value ) { if ( ! $_value ) { continue; } if ( is_int( $_key ) ) { $_orderby = $_value; $_order = $order; } else { $_orderby = $_key; $_order = $_value; } if ( ! $found_orderby_comment_id && in_array( $_orderby, array( 'comment_ID', 'comment__in' ), true ) ) { $found_orderby_comment_id = true; } $parsed = $this->parse_orderby( $_orderby ); if ( ! $parsed ) { continue; } if ( 'comment__in' === $_orderby ) { $orderby_array[] = $parsed; continue; } $orderby_array[] = $parsed . ' ' . $this->parse_order( $_order ); } // If no valid clauses were found, order by comment_date_gmt. if ( empty( $orderby_array ) ) { $orderby_array[] = "$wpdb->comments.comment_date_gmt $order"; } // To ensure determinate sorting, always include a comment_ID clause. if ( ! $found_orderby_comment_id ) { $comment_id_order = ''; // Inherit order from comment_date or comment_date_gmt, if available. foreach ( $orderby_array as $orderby_clause ) { if ( preg_match( '/comment_date(?:_gmt)*\ (ASC|DESC)/', $orderby_clause, $match ) ) { $comment_id_order = $match[1]; break; } } // If no date-related order is available, use the date from the first available clause. if ( ! $comment_id_order ) { foreach ( $orderby_array as $orderby_clause ) { if ( str_contains( 'ASC', $orderby_clause ) ) { $comment_id_order = 'ASC'; } else { $comment_id_order = 'DESC'; } break; } } // Default to DESC. if ( ! $comment_id_order ) { $comment_id_order = 'DESC'; } $orderby_array[] = "$wpdb->comments.comment_ID $comment_id_order"; } $orderby = implode( ', ', $orderby_array ); } else { $orderby = "$wpdb->comments.comment_date_gmt $order"; } $number = absint( $this->query_vars['number'] ); $offset = absint( $this->query_vars['offset'] ); $paged = absint( $this->query_vars['paged'] ); $limits = ''; if ( ! empty( $number ) ) { if ( $offset ) { $limits = 'LIMIT ' . $offset . ',' . $number; } else { $limits = 'LIMIT ' . ( $number * ( $paged - 1 ) ) . ',' . $number; } } if ( $this->query_vars['count'] ) { $fields = 'COUNT(*)'; } else { $fields = "$wpdb->comments.comment_ID"; } $post_id = absint( $this->query_vars['post_id'] ); if ( ! empty( $post_id ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['post_id'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'comment_post_ID = %d', $post_id ); } // Parse comment IDs for an IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['comment__in'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['comment__in'] = "$wpdb->comments.comment_ID IN ( " . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['comment__in'] ) ) . ' )'; } // Parse comment IDs for a NOT IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['comment__not_in'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['comment__not_in'] = "$wpdb->comments.comment_ID NOT IN ( " . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['comment__not_in'] ) ) . ' )'; } // Parse comment parent IDs for an IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['parent__in'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['parent__in'] = 'comment_parent IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['parent__in'] ) ) . ' )'; } // Parse comment parent IDs for a NOT IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['parent__not_in'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['parent__not_in'] = 'comment_parent NOT IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['parent__not_in'] ) ) . ' )'; } // Parse comment post IDs for an IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['post__in'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['post__in'] = 'comment_post_ID IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['post__in'] ) ) . ' )'; } // Parse comment post IDs for a NOT IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['post__not_in'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['post__not_in'] = 'comment_post_ID NOT IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['post__not_in'] ) ) . ' )'; } if ( '' !== $this->query_vars['author_email'] ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['author_email'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'comment_author_email = %s', $this->query_vars['author_email'] ); } if ( '' !== $this->query_vars['author_url'] ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['author_url'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'comment_author_url = %s', $this->query_vars['author_url'] ); } if ( '' !== $this->query_vars['karma'] ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['karma'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'comment_karma = %d', $this->query_vars['karma'] ); } // Filtering by comment_type: 'type', 'type__in', 'type__not_in'. $raw_types = array( 'IN' => array_merge( (array) $this->query_vars['type'], (array) $this->query_vars['type__in'] ), 'NOT IN' => (array) $this->query_vars['type__not_in'], ); $comment_types = array(); foreach ( $raw_types as $operator => $_raw_types ) { $_raw_types = array_unique( $_raw_types ); foreach ( $_raw_types as $type ) { switch ( $type ) { // An empty translates to 'all', for backward compatibility. case '': case 'all': break; case 'comment': case 'comments': $comment_types[ $operator ][] = "''"; $comment_types[ $operator ][] = "'comment'"; break; case 'pings': $comment_types[ $operator ][] = "'pingback'"; $comment_types[ $operator ][] = "'trackback'"; break; default: $comment_types[ $operator ][] = $wpdb->prepare( '%s', $type ); break; } } if ( ! empty( $comment_types[ $operator ] ) ) { $types_sql = implode( ', ', $comment_types[ $operator ] ); $this->sql_clauses['where'][ 'comment_type__' . strtolower( str_replace( ' ', '_', $operator ) ) ] = "comment_type $operator ($types_sql)"; } } $parent = $this->query_vars['parent']; if ( $this->query_vars['hierarchical'] && ! $parent ) { $parent = 0; } if ( '' !== $parent ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['parent'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'comment_parent = %d', $parent ); } if ( is_array( $this->query_vars['user_id'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['user_id'] = 'user_id IN (' . implode( ',', array_map( 'absint', $this->query_vars['user_id'] ) ) . ')'; } elseif ( '' !== $this->query_vars['user_id'] ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['user_id'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'user_id = %d', $this->query_vars['user_id'] ); } // Falsey search strings are ignored. if ( isset( $this->query_vars['search'] ) && strlen( $this->query_vars['search'] ) ) { $search_sql = $this->get_search_sql( $this->query_vars['search'], array( 'comment_author', 'comment_author_email', 'comment_author_url', 'comment_author_IP', 'comment_content' ) ); // Strip leading 'AND'. $this->sql_clauses['where']['search'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $search_sql ); } // If any post-related query vars are passed, join the posts table. $join_posts_table = false; $plucked = wp_array_slice_assoc( $this->query_vars, array( 'post_author', 'post_name', 'post_parent' ) ); $post_fields = array_filter( $plucked ); if ( ! empty( $post_fields ) ) { $join_posts_table = true; foreach ( $post_fields as $field_name => $field_value ) { // $field_value may be an array. $esses = array_fill( 0, count( (array) $field_value ), '%s' ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQLPlaceholders.UnfinishedPrepare $this->sql_clauses['where'][ $field_name ] = $wpdb->prepare( " {$wpdb->posts}.{$field_name} IN (" . implode( ',', $esses ) . ')', $field_value ); } } // 'post_status' and 'post_type' are handled separately, due to the specialized behavior of 'any'. foreach ( array( 'post_status', 'post_type' ) as $field_name ) { $q_values = array(); if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars[ $field_name ] ) ) { $q_values = $this->query_vars[ $field_name ]; if ( ! is_array( $q_values ) ) { $q_values = explode( ',', $q_values ); } // 'any' will cause the query var to be ignored. if ( in_array( 'any', $q_values, true ) || empty( $q_values ) ) { continue; } $join_posts_table = true; $esses = array_fill( 0, count( $q_values ), '%s' ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQLPlaceholders.UnfinishedPrepare $this->sql_clauses['where'][ $field_name ] = $wpdb->prepare( " {$wpdb->posts}.{$field_name} IN (" . implode( ',', $esses ) . ')', $q_values ); } } // Comment author IDs for an IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['author__in'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['author__in'] = 'user_id IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['author__in'] ) ) . ' )'; } // Comment author IDs for a NOT IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['author__not_in'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['author__not_in'] = 'user_id NOT IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['author__not_in'] ) ) . ' )'; } // Post author IDs for an IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['post_author__in'] ) ) { $join_posts_table = true; $this->sql_clauses['where']['post_author__in'] = 'post_author IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['post_author__in'] ) ) . ' )'; } // Post author IDs for a NOT IN clause. if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['post_author__not_in'] ) ) { $join_posts_table = true; $this->sql_clauses['where']['post_author__not_in'] = 'post_author NOT IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['post_author__not_in'] ) ) . ' )'; } $join = ''; $groupby = ''; if ( $join_posts_table ) { $join .= "JOIN $wpdb->posts ON $wpdb->posts.ID = $wpdb->comments.comment_post_ID"; } if ( ! empty( $this->meta_query_clauses ) ) { $join .= $this->meta_query_clauses['join']; // Strip leading 'AND'. $this->sql_clauses['where']['meta_query'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $this->meta_query_clauses['where'] ); if ( ! $this->query_vars['count'] ) { $groupby = "{$wpdb->comments}.comment_ID"; } } if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['date_query'] ) && is_array( $this->query_vars['date_query'] ) ) { $this->date_query = new WP_Date_Query( $this->query_vars['date_query'], 'comment_date' ); // Strip leading 'AND'. $this->sql_clauses['where']['date_query'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $this->date_query->get_sql() ); } $where = implode( ' AND ', $this->sql_clauses['where'] ); $pieces = array( 'fields', 'join', 'where', 'orderby', 'limits', 'groupby' ); /** * Filters the comment query clauses. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @param string[] $clauses { * Associative array of the clauses for the query. * * @type string $fields The SELECT clause of the query. * @type string $join The JOIN clause of the query. * @type string $where The WHERE clause of the query. * @type string $orderby The ORDER BY clause of the query. * @type string $limits The LIMIT clause of the query. * @type string $groupby The GROUP BY clause of the query. * } * @param WP_Comment_Query $query Current instance of WP_Comment_Query (passed by reference). */ $clauses = apply_filters_ref_array( 'comments_clauses', array( compact( $pieces ), &$this ) ); $fields = isset( $clauses['fields'] ) ? $clauses['fields'] : ''; $join = isset( $clauses['join'] ) ? $clauses['join'] : ''; $where = isset( $clauses['where'] ) ? $clauses['where'] : ''; $orderby = isset( $clauses['orderby'] ) ? $clauses['orderby'] : ''; $limits = isset( $clauses['limits'] ) ? $clauses['limits'] : ''; $groupby = isset( $clauses['groupby'] ) ? $clauses['groupby'] : ''; $this->filtered_where_clause = $where; if ( $where ) { $where = 'WHERE ' . $where; } if ( $groupby ) { $groupby = 'GROUP BY ' . $groupby; } if ( $orderby ) { $orderby = "ORDER BY $orderby"; } $found_rows = ''; if ( ! $this->query_vars['no_found_rows'] ) { $found_rows = 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS'; } $this->sql_clauses['select'] = "SELECT $found_rows $fields"; $this->sql_clauses['from'] = "FROM $wpdb->comments $join"; $this->sql_clauses['groupby'] = $groupby; $this->sql_clauses['orderby'] = $orderby; $this->sql_clauses['limits'] = $limits; // Beginning of the string is on a new line to prevent leading whitespace. See https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/56841. $this->request = "{$this->sql_clauses['select']} {$this->sql_clauses['from']} {$where} {$this->sql_clauses['groupby']} {$this->sql_clauses['orderby']} {$this->sql_clauses['limits']}"; if ( $this->query_vars['count'] ) { return (int) $wpdb->get_var( $this->request ); } else { $comment_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $this->request ); return array_map( 'intval', $comment_ids ); } } /** * Populates found_comments and max_num_pages properties for the current * query if the limit clause was used. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. */ private function set_found_comments() { global $wpdb; if ( $this->query_vars['number'] && ! $this->query_vars['no_found_rows'] ) { /** * Filters the query used to retrieve found comment count. * * @since 4.4.0 * * @param string $found_comments_query SQL query. Default 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()'. * @param WP_Comment_Query $comment_query The `WP_Comment_Query` instance. */ $found_comments_query = apply_filters( 'found_comments_query', 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()', $this ); $this->found_comments = (int) $wpdb->get_var( $found_comments_query ); } } /** * Fetch descendants for located comments. * * Instead of calling `get_children()` separately on each child comment, we do a single set of queries to fetch * the descendant trees for all matched top-level comments. * * @since 4.4.0 * * @param WP_Comment[] $comments Array of top-level comments whose descendants should be filled in. * @return array */ protected function fill_descendants( $comments ) { $levels = array( 0 => wp_list_pluck( $comments, 'comment_ID' ), ); $key = md5( serialize( wp_array_slice_assoc( $this->query_vars, array_keys( $this->query_var_defaults ) ) ) ); $last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'comment' ); // Fetch an entire level of the descendant tree at a time. $level = 0; $exclude_keys = array( 'parent', 'parent__in', 'parent__not_in' ); do { // Parent-child relationships may be cached. Only query for those that are not. $child_ids = array(); $uncached_parent_ids = array(); $_parent_ids = $levels[ $level ]; if ( $_parent_ids ) { $cache_keys = array(); foreach ( $_parent_ids as $parent_id ) { $cache_keys[ $parent_id ] = "get_comment_child_ids:$parent_id:$key:$last_changed"; } $cache_data = wp_cache_get_multiple( array_values( $cache_keys ), 'comment-queries' ); foreach ( $_parent_ids as $parent_id ) { $parent_child_ids = $cache_data[ $cache_keys[ $parent_id ] ]; if ( false !== $parent_child_ids ) { $child_ids = array_merge( $child_ids, $parent_child_ids ); } else { $uncached_parent_ids[] = $parent_id; } } } if ( $uncached_parent_ids ) { // Fetch this level of comments. $parent_query_args = $this->query_vars; foreach ( $exclude_keys as $exclude_key ) { $parent_query_args[ $exclude_key ] = ''; } $parent_query_args['parent__in'] = $uncached_parent_ids; $parent_query_args['no_found_rows'] = true; $parent_query_args['hierarchical'] = false; $parent_query_args['offset'] = 0; $parent_query_args['number'] = 0; $level_comments = get_comments( $parent_query_args ); // Cache parent-child relationships. $parent_map = array_fill_keys( $uncached_parent_ids, array() ); foreach ( $level_comments as $level_comment ) { $parent_map[ $level_comment->comment_parent ][] = $level_comment->comment_ID; $child_ids[] = $level_comment->comment_ID; } $data = array(); foreach ( $parent_map as $parent_id => $children ) { $cache_key = "get_comment_child_ids:$parent_id:$key:$last_changed"; $data[ $cache_key ] = $children; } wp_cache_set_multiple( $data, 'comment-queries' ); } ++$level; $levels[ $level ] = $child_ids; } while ( $child_ids ); // Prime comment caches for non-top-level comments. $descendant_ids = array(); for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $levels ); $i < $c; $i++ ) { $descendant_ids = array_merge( $descendant_ids, $levels[ $i ] ); } _prime_comment_caches( $descendant_ids, $this->query_vars['update_comment_meta_cache'] ); // Assemble a flat array of all comments + descendants. $all_comments = $comments; foreach ( $descendant_ids as $descendant_id ) { $all_comments[] = get_comment( $descendant_id ); } // If a threaded representation was requested, build the tree. if ( 'threaded' === $this->query_vars['hierarchical'] ) { $threaded_comments = array(); $ref = array(); foreach ( $all_comments as $k => $c ) { $_c = get_comment( $c->comment_ID ); // If the comment isn't in the reference array, it goes in the top level of the thread. if ( ! isset( $ref[ $c->comment_parent ] ) ) { $threaded_comments[ $_c->comment_ID ] = $_c; $ref[ $_c->comment_ID ] = $threaded_comments[ $_c->comment_ID ]; // Otherwise, set it as a child of its parent. } else { $ref[ $_c->comment_parent ]->add_child( $_c ); $ref[ $_c->comment_ID ] = $ref[ $_c->comment_parent ]->get_child( $_c->comment_ID ); } } // Set the 'populated_children' flag, to ensure additional database queries aren't run. foreach ( $ref as $_ref ) { $_ref->populated_children( true ); } $comments = $threaded_comments; } else { $comments = $all_comments; } return $comments; } /** * Used internally to generate an SQL string for searching across multiple columns. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param string $search Search string. * @param string[] $columns Array of columns to search. * @return string Search SQL. */ protected function get_search_sql( $search, $columns ) { global $wpdb; $like = '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $search ) . '%'; $searches = array(); foreach ( $columns as $column ) { $searches[] = $wpdb->prepare( "$column LIKE %s", $like ); } return ' AND (' . implode( ' OR ', $searches ) . ')'; } /** * Parse and sanitize 'orderby' keys passed to the comment query. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param string $orderby Alias for the field to order by. * @return string|false Value to used in the ORDER clause. False otherwise. */ protected function parse_orderby( $orderby ) { global $wpdb; $allowed_keys = array( 'comment_agent', 'comment_approved', 'comment_author', 'comment_author_email', 'comment_author_IP', 'comment_author_url', 'comment_content', 'comment_date', 'comment_date_gmt', 'comment_ID', 'comment_karma', 'comment_parent', 'comment_post_ID', 'comment_type', 'user_id', ); if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['meta_key'] ) ) { $allowed_keys[] = $this->query_vars['meta_key']; $allowed_keys[] = 'meta_value'; $allowed_keys[] = 'meta_value_num'; } $meta_query_clauses = $this->meta_query->get_clauses(); if ( $meta_query_clauses ) { $allowed_keys = array_merge( $allowed_keys, array_keys( $meta_query_clauses ) ); } $parsed = false; if ( $this->query_vars['meta_key'] === $orderby || 'meta_value' === $orderby ) { $parsed = "$wpdb->commentmeta.meta_value"; } elseif ( 'meta_value_num' === $orderby ) { $parsed = "$wpdb->commentmeta.meta_value+0"; } elseif ( 'comment__in' === $orderby ) { $comment__in = implode( ',', array_map( 'absint', $this->query_vars['comment__in'] ) ); $parsed = "FIELD( {$wpdb->comments}.comment_ID, $comment__in )"; } elseif ( in_array( $orderby, $allowed_keys, true ) ) { if ( isset( $meta_query_clauses[ $orderby ] ) ) { $meta_clause = $meta_query_clauses[ $orderby ]; $parsed = sprintf( 'CAST(%s.meta_value AS %s)', esc_sql( $meta_clause['alias'] ), esc_sql( $meta_clause['cast'] ) ); } else { $parsed = "$wpdb->comments.$orderby"; } } return $parsed; } /** * Parse an 'order' query variable and cast it to ASC or DESC as necessary. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @param string $order The 'order' query variable. * @return string The sanitized 'order' query variable. */ protected function parse_order( $order ) { if ( ! is_string( $order ) || empty( $order ) ) { return 'DESC'; } if ( 'ASC' === strtoupper( $order ) ) { return 'ASC'; } else { return 'DESC'; } } } Oven-Dried Strawberries: A Simple and Delicious Treat – playaussiefun

Oven-Dried Strawberries: A Simple and Delicious Treat

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Strawberries are one of the most beloved fruits, with their sweet, juicy flavor and vibrant color. However, like many seasonal fruits, strawberries have a relatively short shelf life, and it can be difficult to preserve them for later enjoyment. One excellent solution is oven drying, which allows you to enjoy the taste of fresh strawberries long after their peak season has passed. Oven-dried strawberries make for a versatile snack, a natural addition to cereals, or a flavorful topping for desserts.

What Are Oven-Dried Strawberries?

Oven-dried strawberries are simply fresh strawberries that have been dehydrated using low heat in an oven. The process removes most of the water content from the strawberries, intensifying their natural sweetness and flavor. This method of drying retains the nutrients of the fruit while creating a chewy, slightly crispy texture. Oven-dried strawberries are a healthier alternative to store-bought snacks, and they are free of preservatives and artificial additives.

Benefits of Oven-Drying Strawberries

  1. Long Shelf Life: Dried strawberries can last for several months when stored properly in an airtight container, making them a great way to preserve strawberries for off-season enjoyment.

  2. Healthier Snack: Oven-dried strawberries are naturally low in calories and packed with vitamins, especially Vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants. This makes them a great option for a healthy snack or addition to dishes.

  3. No Added Sugars: Unlike some store-bought dried fruits, homemade oven-dried strawberries are free of added sugars and preservatives. The natural sugars in the fruit are enough to give them a delightful sweetness.

  4. Versatility: Dried strawberries can be used in a variety of ways, from snacking on their own to adding them to smoothies, oatmeal, yogurt, salads, baked goods, and more.

How to Make Oven-Dried Strawberries

Making oven-dried strawberries is simple and requires just a few basic ingredients. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

Ingredients:

  • Fresh strawberries (as many as you want to dry)
  • Optional: A small amount of lemon juice or sugar (for extra flavor, though this is optional)

Instructions:

  1. Prepare the Strawberries: Start by washing and hulling the strawberries. Remove the green leaves and slice them into even pieces, about 1/4-inch thick. Thinner slices will dry faster and have a more crisp texture, while thicker slices will be chewier.

  2. Optional Flavoring: If you’d like, you can lightly toss the sliced strawberries in a small amount of lemon juice to prevent browning. Some people also sprinkle a bit of sugar or cinnamon for added flavor, but this is entirely up to your taste preference.

  3. Preheat the Oven: Set your oven to a low temperature, typically around 170°F (75°C). It’s important to use low heat to slowly dehydrate the strawberries without cooking them.

  4. Arrange the Strawberries: Place the sliced strawberries on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Make sure the slices are evenly spaced and not overlapping, as this will allow for better airflow and more even drying.

  5. Dry the Strawberries: Place the baking sheet in the oven and leave the door slightly ajar to allow moisture to escape. You can prop the door open using a wooden spoon. Depending on the thickness of the slices and the humidity of your environment, drying can take anywhere from 4 to 8 hours. Check periodically, flipping the strawberries every few hours to ensure they dry evenly.

  6. Test for Doneness: When the strawberries are finished, they should be leathery and chewy, but not sticky or wet. If any slices still have moisture, continue drying them for a bit longer.

  7. Cool and Store: Allow the dried strawberries to cool completely before storing them. Store the dried fruit in an airtight container, preferably in a cool, dry place. They can also be kept in the refrigerator to extend their shelf life.

Tips for Perfect Oven-Dried Strawberries

  • Uniform Slices: Try to slice the strawberries evenly for consistent drying. Use a sharp knife or a mandoline slicer to achieve uniform thickness.

  • Patience is Key: Oven drying is a slow process, so be prepared for a few hours of drying time. Resist the temptation to increase the heat, as this can result in uneven drying or burnt strawberries.

  • Storage: Once dried, store your strawberries in an airtight container to prevent moisture from getting in. If you’re making a large batch, consider vacuum sealing or using Mylar bags with oxygen absorbers for long-term storage.

Creative Ways to Use Oven-Dried Strawberries

  1. Trail Mix: Combine oven-dried strawberries with nuts, seeds, and other dried fruits to create a delicious and nutritious trail mix.

  2. Smoothies: Rehydrate your dried strawberries by soaking them in water or juice for a few minutes and then adding them to smoothies for an extra burst of flavor.

  3. Baked Goods: Fold oven-dried strawberries into muffin, cake, or pancake batter for a fruity touch.

  4. Yogurt and Oatmeal: Add dried strawberries to yogurt or oatmeal for a naturally sweet, nutrient-packed addition.

  5. Salads: Chop dried strawberries and sprinkle them on top of salads for a pop of color and flavor.

Conclusion

Oven-dried strawberries are a fantastic way to preserve the essence of summer strawberries and enjoy them year-round. Whether you’re snacking on them straight from the jar or incorporating them into your favorite dishes, these dried fruits bring a burst of flavor and health benefits. With just a little time and a few simple ingredients, you can create a delicious and versatile treat that will delight your taste buds for months to come.